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agriTECH

agritech
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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 02160455 EISSN : 25273825 DOI : 10.22146/agritech

Core Subject : Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry

Agritech with registered number ISSN 0216-0455 (print) and ISSN 2527-3825 (online) is a scientific journal that publishes the results of research in the field of food and agricultural product technology, agricultural and bio-system engineering, and agroindustrial technology. This journal is published by Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta in colaboration with Indonesian Association of Food Technologies (PATPI).

Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)

Articles 15 Documents

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Search results for , issue "Vol 37, No 1 (2017)" : 15 Documents clear

Aktivitas Antioksidan Kulit Biji Kakao dari Hasil Penyangraian Biji Kakao Kering pada Derajat Ringan, Sedang dan Berat Ratri Retno Utami; Supriyanto Supriyanto; Sri Rahardjo; Ria Armunanto
agriTECH Vol 37, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Cocoa bean shell is waste from chocolate industry that containing polyphenol 5.78 % and can be used as natural antioxidant source. The most important step in cocoa processing is roasting. Roasting is needed for developing the chocolate flavor. Chocolate industries do their roasting with low, medium and high degree, depend on product’s necessity. The objective of this research is to determine the effect of roasting degree toward cocoa bean shell antioxidant activity. Cocoa bean roasted at low degree (110 ºC for 60 minutes), medium (140 ºC for 40 minutes) and high (190ºC for 15 minutes). Cocoa bean shell polyphenol was extracted with acetone 70 %. Yield, total phenolic, DPPH free radical scavenging activity as IC50 and inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation was analyzed from crude polyphenol extract. The result shows that the increasing of roasting temperature leads to low yield. Cocoa bean shell polyphenol extract with high roasting degree has the lowest yield (8.07 % b/b). While cocoa bean shell polyphenol extract using medium roasting degree has the highest total phenolic and DPPH free radical scavenging activity of 21.23 ± 0.39 mg GAE/g dry extract and IC50 74.31 ± 0.72 μg/mL, respectively. Cocoa bean shell polyphenol extract is able to inhibit the linoleic acid oxidation. Roasting enhance the inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation compared to extract without roasting about 6%. For the future study, it is needed to identify the cocoa bean shell antioxidant compound during roasting. ABSTRAKKulit biji kakao merupakan limbah dari industri pengolahan cokelat yang mengandung polifenol sebesar 5,78 %, sehingga berpotensi untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber senyawa antioksidan alami. Tahapan penting dalam pengolahan biji kakao kering adalah penyangraian yang berguna untuk pengembangan citarasa khas cokelat. Industri pengolahan cokelat melakukan penyangraian dengan derajat ringan, sedang dan berat, berdasarkan produk yang dikehendaki. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh derajat penyangraian terhadap aktivitas antioksidan kulit biji kakao. Biji kakao kering disangrai pada derajat ringan (110 ºC selama 60 menit), sedang (140 ºC selama 40 menit) dan berat (190 ºC selama 15 menit). Polifenol kulit biji kakao diekstrak menggunakan aseton 70 %. Ekstrak polifenol kering dianalisis rendemen, total fenolik, RSA DPPH yang dinyatakan sebagai IC50 dan penghambatan oksidasi asam linoleat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi suhu penyangraian, rendemen yang diperoleh semakin kecil. Ekstrak polifenol kulit biji kakao dengan penyangraian derajat berat mempunyai rendemen paling kecil (8,07 % b/b). Ekstrak polifenol kulit biji kakao dengan penyangraian derajat sedang mempunyai total fenolik dan aktivitas antioksidan penangkap radikal DPPH paling tinggi yaitu sebesar 21,23 ± 0,39 mg EAG/g ekstrak kering dan nilai IC50 74,31 ± 0,72 μg/mL. Ekstrak polifenol kulit biji kakao mampu menghambat oksidasi asam linoleat. Penyangraian meningkatkan aktivitas penghambatan oksidasi asam linoleat sebesar 6 % bila dibandingkan dengan ekstrak polifenol kulit biji kakao tanpa penyangraian. Perlu dilakukan penelitian selanjutnya untuk identifikasi senyawa antioksidan kulit biji kakao dari hasil penyangraian.

Structural Changes in Cooked Rice Treated with Cooling-Reheating Process and Coconut Milk Addition as Observed With FT-IR and 13C NMR Nuri Arum Anugrahati; Yudi Pranoto; Yustinus Marsono; Djagal Wiseso Marseno
agriTECH Vol 37, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

The molecular structural changes of food could be observed by the technique of FT-IR and 13C NMR spectroscopy. This research was aimed to study the structural changes in cooked rice treated with cooling-reheating process and coconut milk addition using FT-IR and 13C NMR. It was found that the cooling-reheating process and addition of coconut milk cause several structural changes of cooked rice. The IR analysis showed the bands at 3,400, 2,900, 1,018 and 856 cm-1 changed due to the retrogradation during cooling process. The spectrum of 13C NMR showed the change of peaks at 100.28 and 100.10 ppm. These changes may be related to the addition of coconut milk during rice cooking.

Pengaruh Kadar Air terhadap Beberapa Sifat Fisik Biji Lada Putih Andi Muhammad Akram Mukhlis; Edy Hartulistiyoso; Yohanes Aris Purwanto
agriTECH Vol 37, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

The physical properties of seed are required in designing an apparatus for handling, separation, drying, storage, and processing. The physical properties of white pepper seeds were determined as a function of moisture content in the range of 15,40 - 64,80 % dry basis (d.b.). The average height, length and width at a moisture content condition of 15,40 % (d.b.) were 4,11 ± 0,27 mm; 4,35 ± 0,34 mm and 4,35 ± 0,35 mm, respectively. In the range of moisture content 15,40 - 64,80 % (d.b.), the results of this study showed an increase linearly of the third axial dimension, the average diameter, the roundness from 0,969 to 0,977, the volume from 39,50 to 67,34 mm3, the surface area from 55,87 to 79,92mm2 and the thousand seed mass from 52,47 to 75,63 g. Bulk density and true density has a polynomial correlation with changes in moisture content.The porosity decreased from 45,01 % to 44,88 % with an increase in the moisture content range of 15,40 - 64,80 % (d.b.). ABSTRAKSifat fisik biji-bijian diperlukan dalam merancang suatu peralatan untuk penanganan, pemisahan, pengeringan, penyimpanan dan pengolahannya. Sifat fisik biji lada putih ditentukan sebagai fungsi kadar air pada rentang 15,40 - 64,80 % basis kering (b.k.). Tinggi, panjang dan lebar rata-rata pada kondisi kadar air 15,40 % (b.k.) adalah 4,11 ± 0,27 mm; 4,35 ± 0,34 mm dan 4,35 ± 0,35 mm berturut-turut. Pada rentang kadar air 15,40 - 64,80 % b.k., hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan peningkatan secara linear pada ketiga dimensi aksial, diameter rata-rata, kebulatan dari 0,969 hingga 0,977, volume dari 39,50 hingga 67,34 mm3, luas permukaan dari 55,87 hingga 79,92 mm2 dan massa seribu biji dari 52,47 hingga 75,63 g. Bulk density dan true density memiliki hubungan polinomial dengan perubahan kadar air biji. Porositas menurun dari 45,01 % hingga 44,88 % dengan peningkatan kadar air pada rentang 15,40 - 64,80 % (b.k.).

Potensi Hipolipidemik Yogurt dari Isolat Protein Biji Kecipir (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) pada Tikus Hiperkolesterol dengan Perlakuan Jumlah Pakan Agus Slamet; Bayu Kanetro
agriTECH Vol 37, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Protein content of winged bean is almost the same as soybean, but the beany flavor is more poweful than soybean. Therefore the protein of winged bean was isolated prior to use as raw material of yogurt. This research was aimed to determine the potency of hypocholestrolemic activity of yogurt protein isolate of winged bean through in vivo bioassay by using Sprague Dawley male rats. The treatments of the research were yogurt feed treatment with concentration of yogurt 0 (standard feed without yogurt as a control), 2, and 4 g yogurt/day as low and high concentration treatment respectively for 4th weeks after hypercholesterol feed treatment for 1 week. The blood lipid profile of rats, including triglyceride, cholesterol total, High Density Lipoprotein (HDL), Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol were analysed on the 2nd and 4th weeks for the yogurt feed treatment while for before yogurt feed treatment, the evaluation were based on the adaptation phase and the 1st week for hypercholesterol phase. The result of this research showed that the blood triglyceride, cholesterol total, LDL increased, and the blood HDL decreased in hypercholesterol phase before yogurt feed treatment. The potency of hypocholestrolemic of yogurt from protein isolate of winged bean was shown by the decreasing of blood triglyceride, cholesterol total, LDL and increasing the HDL cholesterol after the yogurt feed treatment with low and high concentration. That indicated that yogurt that was made of protein isolate of winged bean could reduced cholesterol. ABSTRAKBiji kecipir memiliki kadar protein yang hampir sama dengan kedelai, namun bau langunya lebih tajam daripada kedelai, sehingga perlu diisolasi proteinnya sebelum digunakan sebagai bahan baku yogurt. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan potensi hipokolesterolemik yogurt isolat proteun biji kecipir melalui uji biologis in vivo menggunakan tikus jantan Sprague Dawley. Perlakuan penelitian ini adalah perlakuan pakan yogurt dengan konsentrasi 0 (pakan standar tanpa penambahan yogurt sebagai kontrol), 2, dan 4 g yogurt/hari berturut-turut sebagai perlakuan konsentrasi rendah dan tinggi selama 4 minggu perlakuan pakan yogurt sesudah pemberian pakan hiperkolesterol selama 1 minggu. Profil lipida darah tikus meliputi kadar trigliserida, total kolesterol, kolesterol High Density Lipoprotein (HDL), dan Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) dianalisis pada minggu ke 2 dan 4 minggu selama perlakuan pakan yogurt dan sebelum perlakuan pakan yogurt yaitu pada fase pemeliharaan adaptasi dan 1 minggu pada fase pemeliharan hiperkolesterol. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa trigliserida, total kolesterol, dan kolesterol LDL meningkat dan kolesterol HDL menurun selama fase pemberian pakan hiperkolesterol sebelum perlakuan pakan yogurt. Potensi hipokolesterol yogurt isolat protein biji kecipir ditunjukkan dengan penurunan trigliserida, total kolesterol, dan kolesterol LDL, serta peningkatan kolesterol HDL sesudah perlakuan pakan yogurt dengan konsentrasi rendah maupun tinggi. Hal tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa yogurt isolat protein biji kecipir mampu menurunkan kolesterol.

Pengaruh Penambahan Rempah dan Bentuk Minuman terhadap Aktivitas Antioksidan Berbagai Minuman Tradisional Indonesia Aisyah Tri Septiana; Mohammad Samsi; Mustaufik Mustaufik
agriTECH Vol 37, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Indonesia traditional beverages such as minuman jahe, kunyit asam, beras kencur, and minuman temulawak are usually made with the addition of spices. They can be served in the form of liquid or powder. This research was aimed to study the effect of the beverage type, addition of spices, and the form of product on their antioxidant activity. The type of sugar used in this study was palm sugar juice. Total phenolic contents were measured to indicate the level of antioxidants. Measurement of antioxidant activity was conducted by analyzing malonaldehyde from linoleic acid and capturing capacity of DPPH radical. The results showed that Indonesian traditional beverage could inhibit the oxidation of linoleic acid and capture free radicals. Free radical capturing capacity of curcuma beverage greater than other beverages, but the malonaldehyde (MDA) inhibitor effect was not different. Total phenolic content of curcuma tended to be higher than the other traditional beverages. The addition of spices could raise the level of total phenolic content in beverages and increase free radical trapping capacity. Drying the beverages into powder could reduce the levels of total phenolic content and but did not reduce the antioxidant activity. ABSTRAKMinuman tradisional Indonesia seperti minuman jahe, kunyit asam, beras kencur, dan minuman temulawak biasanya dibuat dengan tambahan berbagai rempah. Minuman tersebut dapat disajikan dalam bentuk cair maupun serbuk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis minuman, penambahan rempah tambahan, dan bentuk minuman terhadap aktivitas antioksidan minuman. Jenis gula yang ditambahkan adalah gula nira. Jenis antioksidan yang diuji adalah total fenolik. Pengukuran aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan dengan uji penghambatan malonaldehid dan kapasitas penangkapan radikal DPPH. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa minuman tradisional Indonesia dapat menghambat oksidasi asam linoleat dan menangkap radikal bebas. Kapasitas penangkapan radikal bebas oleh minuman temulawak lebih besar dibandingkan minuman yang lain tetapi kemampuan penghambatan malonaldehid (MDA) oleh minumaan tradisional tidak berbeda. Total fenolik minuman temulawak cenderung lebih besar dibandingkan minuman tradisional yang lain. Penambahan rempah-rempah dapat meningkatkan kadar total fenolik minuman dan meningkatkan kapasitas penangkapan radikal bebas. Pembuatan minuman serbuk pada penelitian ini dapat menurunkan kadar total fenolik tetapi tidak menurunkan aktivitas antioksidan.

Kualitas Mikrobiologis dan Kimiawi Kefir Susu Kambing dengan Penambahan Lactobacillus acidophilus FNCC 0051 dan Tepung Kulit Pisang Kepok (Musa Paradisiaca) Dwitiya Martharini; Indratiningsih Indratiningsih
agriTECH Vol 37, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of plantain peel flour and Lactobacillus acidophilus FNCC 0051 on the microbiological and chemical quality of goat milk kefir. Kefir was made from goat’s milk with 3 % of kefir grain (w/v) and Lactobacillus acidophilus FNCC 0051 (0, 1 and 3 % (v/v)) and plantain peel flour (0, 1 and 2 % (w/v)). All treatments were incubated at room temperature (± 28.5 °C) for 10 hours, until the pH dropped to 4.2-4.6.The quality of Kefir was evaluated by microbiological analysis (total of lactic acid bacteria, probiotics viability, total yeast) and chemical analysis (pH, lactose content, alcohol content, fat content and dietary fiber). The data of total lactic acid bacteria, probiotics viability, total yeast, pH, lactose content, alcohol content, fat content were evaluated by analysis of variance and followed by Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Data of dietary fiber was evaluated by descriptive analysis. The research result showed that the addition of Lactobacillus acidophilus FNCC 0051 had a significant effect (p ≤ 0.05) on decreasing pH, alcohol content and increasing total lactic acid bacteria and probiotic viability. Plantain peel flour had significantl effect (p ≤ 0.05) on increasing alcohol content and total lactic acid bacteria. Kefir had 9.51 log cfu mL-1 of lactic acid bacteria total; 8.65 log cfu mL-1 of probiotic viability; 6.13 log cfu mL-1 of total yeast; 4.85 of pH; 3.14 % of lactose content; 0.096 % of alcohol content; 5.33 % of fat content; and 10.49 % of dietary fiber. This research concluded that kefir quality for all treatments kefir were complied with Codex Standard 234-2003 while the best treatment was the kefir with the addition of 3 % Lactobacillus acidophilus FNCC 0051 and 1 % flour banana peel. ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan tepung kulit pisang dan Lactobacillus acidophilus FNCC 0051 terhadap kualitas mikrobiologis dan kimiawi kefir susu kambing. Kefir dibuat dari susu kambing dengan kefir grain 3 % (w/v) dan Lactobacillus acidophilus FNCC 0051 (0, 1 dan 3 % (v/v)) serta tepung kulit pisang (0, 1 dan 2 % (w/v)). Semua perlakuan diinkubasi pada suhu ruang (± 28,5 °C) selama 10 jam, hingga pH turun menjadi 4,2 sampai 4,6. Uji kualitas kefir yang diamati yaitu mikrobiologis (total bakteri asam laktat, viabilitas probiotik, total khamir) dan kimiawi (pH, kadar laktosa, kadar alkohol, kadar lemak, serat pangan). Data hasil uji total bakteri asam laktat, viabilitas probiotik, total khamir, pH, kadar laktosa, kadar alkohol, kadar lemak dianalisis dengan analisis sidik ragam pola faktorial 3x3, dan dilanjutkan dengan Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Data hasil serat pangan dianalisis dengan analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Lactobacillus acidophilus FNCC 0051 berpengaruh (p ≤ 0,05) terhadap penurunan pH, kadar alkohol dan peningkatan bakteri asam laktat serta viabilitas probiotik. Tepung kulit pisang berpengaruh (p ≤ 0,05) terhadap peningkatan kadar alkohol dan bakteri asam laktat. Kefir memiliki rerata total bakteri asam laktat yakni 9,51 log cfu mL-1, viabilitas probiotik 8,65 log cfu mL-1, total khamir 6,13 log cfu mL-1, pH 4,85, laktosa 3,14 %, kadar alkohol 0,096 %, kadar lemak 5,33 %, dan total serat pangan 10,49 %. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kualitas kefir semua perlakuan memenuhi standar komposisi kefir menurut standar Codex 234-2003 dan kefir yang terbaik dengan penambahan Lactobacillus acidophilus FNCC 0051 3 % dan tepung kulit pisang 1 %.

Pemurnian Parsial dan Karakterisasi Enzim Xilanase dari Bakteri Laut Bacillus safencis strain LBF P20 Asal Pulau Pari Jakarta Fitria Fitria; Nanik Rahmani; Sri Pujiyanto; Budi Raharjo; Yopi Yopi
agriTECH Vol 37, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Enzyme xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8) is widely used in various industrial fields for the hydrolysis of xylan (hemicellulose) into xylooligosaccharide and xylose. The aims of this study were to conduct partial purification and characterization of xylanase from marine Bacillus safencis strain LBF P20 and to obtain the xylooligosaccharide types from xylan hydrolysis by this enzyme. Based on this research, the optimum time for enzyme production occurred at 96 hours with the enzyme activity of 6.275 U/mL and enzyme specific activity of 5.093 U/mg. The specific activities were obtained from precipitation by amicon® ultra-15 centrifugal filter devices, gel filtration chromatography and anion exchange chromatography that were increased by 15.07, 34.7, and 96.0 U/mg. The results showed that the highest activity at pH 7, temperature of 60 °C, and stable at 4 °C. Type of xylooligosaccharide produced by this study were xylohexoses, xylotriose, and xylobiose. SDS-PAGE analysis and zimogram showed that the molecular weight of xylanase protein were about 25 kDa. ABSTRAKEnzim xilanase (EC 3.2.1.8) digunakan dalam hidrolisis xilan (hemiselulosa) menjadi xilooligosakarida dan xilosa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan purifikasi parsial dan karakterisasi xilanase dari bakteri laut Bacillus safencis strain LBF P20 serta uji hidrolisis untuk mengetahui jenis xilooligosakarida yang dihasilkan oleh enzim tersebut. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, waktu optimum untuk produksi enzim terjadi pada jam ke 96 dengan aktivitas enzim sebesar 6,275 U/mL dan aktivitas spesifik enzim sebesar 5,093 (U/mg). Aktivitas spesifik enzim hasil pemekatan dengan amicon® ultra-15 centrifugal filter devices, kromatografi filtrasi gel dan kromatografi penukar anion mengalami peningkatan berturut-turut sebesar 15,1; 34,7 dan96,0 U/mg. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan aktivitas tertinggi pada pH 7, suhu 60 °C dan stabil pada suhu 4 °C. Analisis SDS-PAGE dan zimogram menunjukkan berat molekul protein xilanase berkisar 25 kDa. Jenis gula reduksi yang dihasilkan yaitu xiloheksosa, xilotriosa, dan xilobiosa.

Kajian Metode dan Waktu Fermentasi Cairan Pulpa pada Perubahan Karakteristik Cuka Kakao G.P. Ganda Putra; Ni Made Wartini; Luh Putu Trisna Darmayanti
agriTECH Vol 37, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

The pulp water as byproduct of cocoa beans fermentation is potential to be used as a raw material for making cocoa vinegar, but unfortunately the content of acetic acid is relatively low. So that, it is necessary to increase the content of acetic acid, by performed further fermentation method with several addition of carbon sources (sugar and alcohol) and fermentation time. The purposes of this research were: (1) to study the effect of the addition of sugar, alcohol and fermentation time on different urther fermentation method on the characteristics of cocoa vinegar and (2) to determine the optimal further fermentation method and fermentation time for the production of cocoa vinegar with the highest content of acetic acid. Several fermentation methods were conducted by using three different methods e.g.the alcoholic and acetic acid fermentation (2 stages), acetic acid fermentation (1 stage), and fermentation without inoculum (natural). The experimental design of this study was using a factorial BRD two factors on the 2 stages and the 1 stage fermentation method, as well as the simple RBD on the natural fermentation. The first factor on the 2 stages fermentation methods used two different inoculum e.g. Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Acetobacter aceti, 4 different concentration of sugar (4, 6, 8 and 10 %), while on the 1 stage fermentation method used inoculum Acetobacter aceti, is 4 different concentrations of alcohol addition (6, 8, 10, and 12 %), while the second factor is the same, namely 6 levels of fermentation time (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 days). Meanwhile, the treatment of fermentation time on the natural fermentation method was the same as the second factor. All methods of fermentation were performed at room temperature in 2 blocks/replications.The results showed that: 1) the characteristics of cocoa vinegar and OD660 of watery pulp were affected by : (1) the treatment of the sugar addition and fermentation time and their interaction on the 2 stages fermentation method by the treatment of the alcohol addition and fermentation time, their interaction on the 1 stage fermentation method, and by the treatment of fermentation time on the natural fermentation method, and (2) the cocoa vinegar with the highest content of acetic acid was produced on the 2 stages fermentation method by the addition of 6 % sugar within 25 days (2.35 %), on the 1 stage fermentation method by the ddition of 10 % alcohol within 20 days (3.37 %), and on the natural fermentation method within 15 days (2.65 %), respectively. Our result showed that the 1 stage fermentation method with the addition of 10 % alcohol using inoculum of Acetobacter aceti within 20 days is the most optimal further fermentation method for the production of cocoa vinegar.ABSTRAKCairan pulpa hasil samping fermentasi biji kakao berpotensi sebagai bahan baku pembuatan cuka kakao, tetapi kadar asam asetat yang dihasilkan relatif rendah. Untuk itu, perlu dilakukan upaya peningkatan kadar asam asetat antara lain dengan melakukan beberapa metode fermentasi lanjutan dengan variasi penambahan sumber karbon (gula dan alkohol) dan lama fermentasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: (1) mengkaji pengaruh penambahan gula, alkohol dan lama fermentasi pada metode fermentasi lanjutan yang berbeda terhadap karakteristik cuka kakao dan (2) menetapkan metode fermentasi lanjutan dan lama fermentasi yang optimal untuk produksi cuka kakao dengan kadar asam asetat tertinggi. Metode fermentasi lanjutan yang dilakukan terdiri dari 3 metode yaitu: fermentasi alkohol dan asam asetat (2 tahap), fermentasi asam asetat (1 tahap), dan fermentasi tanpa inokulum (alami). Rancangan percobaan pada penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) faktorial 2 faktor pada metode fermentasi 2 tahap dan 1 tahap, serta RAK faktor tunggal pada fermentasi alami. Faktor I pada metode fermentasi 2 tahap yang menggunakan inokulum Saccharomyces cerevisiae dan Acetobacter aceti, adalah penambahan gula 4 konsentrasi (4, 6, 8, dan 10 %), dan pada metode fermentasi 1 tahap, yang menggunakan inokulum Acetobacter aceti, adalah penambahan alkohol 4 konsentrasi (6, 8, 10, dan 12 %), sedangkan faktor II lama fermentasi (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, dan 25 hari). Sementara itu perlakuan lama fermentasi pada metode fermentasi alami sama seperti pada faktor II. Semua metode fermentasi dilakukan pada suhu kamar dalam 2 kelompok. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) karakteristik cuka kakao dan OD660 cairan pulpa dipengaruhi oleh perlakuan penambahan gula dan lama fermentasi serta interaksinya pada metode fermentasi 2 tahap dan oleh perlakuan penambahan alkohol dan lama fermentasi serta interaksinya pada fermentasi 1 tahap, serta oleh perlakuan lama fermentasi alami, dan (2) cuka kakao dengan kadar asam asetat tertinggi masing-masing dihasilkan pada fermentasi 2 tahap dengan penambahan gula cenderung 6 % dalam waktu 25 hari (2,35 %), fermentasi 1 tahap dengan penambahan alkohol 10 % dalam waktu 20 hari (3,37 %), dan fermentasi alami dalam waktu 15 hari (2,65 %). Dengan demikian metode fermentasi 1 tahap dengan penambahan alkohol 10 % menggunakan inokulum Acetobacter aceti dalam waktu 20 hari merupakan metode fermentasi lanjutan yang paling optimal untuk produksi cuka kakao.

Pengurangan Kadar Digliserida dan Asam Lemak Bebas dalam Minyak Sawit Kasar Menggunakan Adsorben Khoerul Bariyah; Nuri Andarwulan; Purwiyatno Hariyadi
agriTECH Vol 37, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Indonesia is the world’s largest crude palm oil (CPO) producer and consumer in 2014. Components that affect the quality of CPO are diglycerides (DAGs) and free fatty acids (FFA). DAGs in palm oil are known as the precursor of 3-MCPD esters, while higher content of FFA could influence the oil stability. The contact of CPO with adsorbent could affect the present of DAG and FFA in CPO. The purpose of this study was to determine the best type of adsorbent in reducing DAGs and FFA in CPO with emphasis on the characteristics of the adsorbent and adsorbate. This study was carried out by using three different types of CPO quality and six different types of adsorbent (carbon active, MgO, Magnesol R-60, and 3 types of bleaching earth). The contact process of CPO with different adsorbents were carried out at a temperature of 50-60 °C (without vacuum) for adsorbents selection and 90 °C (under vacuum) for 30 minutes at a dose of adsorbent 1 and 3 %. The contact process of different adsorbents with CPO have not been able to reduce both DAGs and FFA significantly at the non vacuum condition in three differents CPO sample. The combination of MgO and bleaching earth type 1 could reduce FFA up to 70 % reaching the content of 14 % at vacuum conditions, but did not reduce DAGs of CPO. Different CPO quality and adsorbent characteristics will affect the reduction process of FFA and DAGs. ABSTRAKIndonesia merupakan negara produsen sekaligus konsumen minyak sawit kasar (Crude Palm Oil/CPO) terbesar di dunia pada tahun 2014. Salah satu komponen yang mempengaruhi kualitas CPO adalah digliserida (DAG) dan asam lemak bebas (ALB). DAG dalam minyak sawit adalah prekursor pembentuk senyawa karsinogen 3-MCPD ester, sedangkan ALB yang tinggi dapat mempengaruhi stabilitas minyak. Proses kontak adsorben ke dalam CPO akan mempengaruhi keberadaan kedua komponen tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan jenis adsorben yang paling baik dalam mengadsorp digliserida dan asam lemak bebas dalam CPO dengan menitikberatkan pada karakteristik adsorben dan adsorbat. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap 3 jenis CPO (nilai ALB: 4, 6, dan 14) dan 6 jenis adsorben (arang aktif, MgO, Magnesol R-60, dan 3 jenis bleaching earth). Proses kontak dilakukan pada suhu 50 – 60 °C (tanpa vakum) untuk seleksi adsorben dan 90 °C (dengan vakum) selama 30 menit dengan dosis adsorben 1 dan 3 %. Proses kontak adsorben pada CPO dengan kondisi adsorpsi tanpa vakum belum dapat menurunkan DAG dan ALB secara signifikan terhadap ketiga jenis CPO. Kombinasi antara adsorben bleaching earth tipe 1 dan MgO dapat menurunkan ALB hingga 70 % pada CPO dengan ALB 14 % pada kondisi vakum, tetapi tidak dapat menurunkan DAG. Karakterisitik CPO dan adsorben mempengaruhi proses reduksi ALB dan DAG.

Karakterisasi Kemasan Kertas Aktif dengan Penambahan Oleoresin Ampas Destilasi Sereh Dapur (Cymbopogon citratus) Lia Umi Khasanah; Windi Atmaka; Dewi Kurniasari; Kawiji Kawiji; Danar Praseptiangga; Rohula Utami
agriTECH Vol 37, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

The aims of this research were to determine the effect of lemongrass distillation dregs oleoresin concentration (0 %, 2 %, 4 %, and 6 % b/b) on the active paper packaging characteristics (sensory, water content, thickness, tensile strength, fold endurance and antimicrobial activity), to determine the functional groups of the control and selected active paper packaging, to determine the effect of days of storage (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 day) on the control and selected active paper packaging characteristics (tensile strength, and fold endurance), and to determine antimicrobial activity of the control and selected active paper packaging during 20 days storage. The result showed that the concentration of lemongrass distillation dregs oleoresin significantly affected the color, overall, tensile strength, fold endurance, and antimicrobial activity while did not significantly affected the flavor, texture, water content, and thickness of the active paper packaging. The addition of lemongrass distillation dregs oleoresin increased the water content, thickness, microbial activity, while decreased the panelists preference, tensile strength and fold endurance of the active paper packaging. The spectrum of functional groups of the active paper packaging showed the presence of chitosan, cellulose, tween 80, and lemongrass oleoresin. The storage days had no significant effect on tensile strength and fold endurance of the control and selected active paper packaging. The control and selected active paper packaging were significantly different at each 5 days storage. However the 20 day of storage showed no significant effect on the antimicrobial activity of the control and selected active paper packaging. ABSTRAKTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi oleoresin ampas destilasi sereh dapur (0 %, 2 %, 4 %, dan 6 % b/b) terhadap karakteristik kemasan kertas aktif (analisis sensoris, kadar air, ketebalan, ketahanan tarik, ketahanan lipat, dan aktifitas antimikroba), mengetahui gugus fungsi kemasan kertas aktif kontrol dan konsentrasi oleoresin ampas destilasi sereh dapur terpilih, mengetahui pengaruh waktu penyimpanan (0, 5, 10, 15, dan 20 hari) terhadap karakteristik kemasan kertas aktif kontrol dan konsentrasi oleoresin ampas destilasi sereh dapur terpilih (uji ketahanan lipat dan ketahanan tarik), dan mengetahui aktivitas antimikroba kemasan kertas aktif kontrol dan konsentrasi oleoresin ampas destilasi sereh dapur terpilih sebelum dan setelah penyimpanan selama 20 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi oleoresin berpengaruh nyata terhadap warna, overall (penerimaan keseluruhan), ketahanan tarik, ketahanan lipat, dan aktivitas antimikroba tetapi berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap aroma, tekstur, kadar air, dan ketebalan kemasan kertas aktif. Penambahan oleoresin ampas destilasi sereh dapur meningkatkan kadar air, ketebalan, dan aktivitas antimikroba serta menurunkan ketahanan tarik, ketahanan lipat, dan penerimaan panelis. Kemasan kertas aktif mengandung gugus fungsi selulosa, kitosan, dan tween 80 serta pada kemasan kertas aktif penambahan oleoresin konsentrasi 2 % terdapat gugus fungsi oleoresin sereh dapur. Waktu penyimpanan tidak berpengaruh secara nyata terhadap ketahanan tarik dan ketahanan lipat kemasan kertas aktif kontrol dan konsentrasi terpilih. Kemasan kertas aktif kontrol dengan kemasan kertas aktif penambahan oleoresin konsentrasi 2 % berbeda nyata di setiap 5 hari penyimpanan. Namun, penyimpanan selama 20 hari tidak berpengaruh secara nyata terhadap aktivitas antimikroba kemasan kertas aktif kontrol dan konsentrasi terpilih.

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Abstract

Abstract

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Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name Rachma Wikandari

Contact Email rachma_wikandari@mail.ugm.ac.id

Phone +6285712601130

Journal Mail Official agritech@ugm.ac.id

Editorial Address Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Flora No. 1, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia

Location Kab. sleman, Daerah istimewa yogyakarta INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Contact Name
Rachma Wikandari

Contact Email
rachma_wikandari@mail.ugm.ac.id

Phone
+6285712601130

Journal Mail Official
agritech@ugm.ac.id

Editorial Address
Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Flora No. 1, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia

Location
Kab. sleman,

Daerah istimewa yogyakarta

INDONESIA